Delivery methods for cardiovascular cell-based therapies: tools and clinical strategies

The regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian heart is limited, hindering effective repair and recovery of myocardial tissue after ischemic and non-ischemic injury. Heart failure is a common, lethal, disabling, and costly disorder with rising prevalence and poor prognosis. Numerous human clinical trials are underway to test the potential therapeutic benefit of cells and cell-derived agents for myocardial repair, using an assortment of systemic and local delivery tools and clinical trial strategies. In this review, we highlight the advantages and limitations of emerging tools and trial strategies and provide insights into future tissue engineered biomaterials to enable cell delivery.

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