Although advancements in viral vector manufacturing have enabled significant progress in cell and gene therapies, the field continues to face challenges in ensuring vector productivity and purity as manufacturing scales up. Abi Pinchbeck, Editor of BioInsights, speaks with Xueyuan Liu, Director of the Research Vector Core at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, about strategies for overcoming these challenges, including innovations in process optimization, vector design, and advanced analytical tools to enhance the clinical and commercial potential of viral vectors.